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“While many people may not realize it, most medical decisions—from diagnosis to treatment— are based on laboratory test results generated by these professionals. They are the behind-the-scenes experts ensuring data accuracy that physicians and other healthcare professionals rely on to make informed decisions.”
– Payman Nasr, PhD, Associate Professor and Chairperson of the Clinical Science Department at California State University, Dominguez Hills (CSUDH)
It may be reassuring to know that trained medical laboratory technologists, often called clinical laboratory scientists (CLS) or medical laboratory scientists (MLS), are behind the more complex procedures being carried out on patient specimens in a laboratory.
Due to the broad level of knowledge required in biology, chemistry, and microbiology, these professionals can specialize in several areas, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS 2025). Degree specialties in medical or clinical laboratory science include immunology (carrying out specimen tests on the human immune system and its reaction to foreign bodies), immunohematology (collecting, classifying, and preparing blood for use in transfusions), and molecular biology (carrying out protein and nucleic acid tests on samples of cells).
Aspiring medical laboratory scientists can earn a bachelor’s degree in a general or specialized field of science from one of many medical laboratory science schools.
An MLS can enter many other specialty fields, including cytotechnology, microbiology, and clinical chemistry. Unlike clinical laboratory technicians, who usually have an associate degree, medical laboratory scientists are qualified and certified to carry out more complex procedures.
When employed in a small lab, an MLS may do various tests, but when working in a larger lab, they may be able to specialize. Read on to learn more about the educational requirements for an MLS and what types of certifications may be available to help them discover the best possible job outcomes.
MLS Fast Facts | |
---|---|
Projected Jobs Created | 18,200 |
Projected Job Growth | 5 percent |
Average Salary | $65,320 |
Low Salary | $38,020 |
High Salary | $97,990 |
Entry-Level EDU | Bachelor’s Degree |
Meet the Expert: Payman Nasr, PhD, MT, ASCP
Dr. Payman Nasr is an associate professor and chairperson of the Clinical Science Department at California State University, Dominguez Hills (CSUDH). He earned his bachelor’s of science in clinical laboratory sciences and a doctorate degree in neurobiology in 2003, followed by a postdoctoral fellowship in cellular physiology and molecular biology at the University of Kentucky, Lexington. He joined Kent State University in Ohio in 2004. He served as an associate professor in the Department of Biological Sciences until 2014.
Dr. Nasr holds professional membership with the American College of Clinical Pathologists, the American Society of Clinical Laboratory Scientists, and the California Association of Clinical Laboratory Scientists.
His teaching is extensive and covers medical courses, including human gross anatomy, clinical hematology, pathophysiology, and body fluid analysis. He has published several manuscripts on teaching effectiveness and students’ success. In 2019, he received the Theriot Award—an annual national recognition for teaching innovation and creativity granted by the American Society of Clinical Laboratory Sciences.
MedicalTechnologySchools.com: What is something you wish the public understood about CLSs or MLSs?
Dr. Nasr: Medical laboratory scientists (MLS), also known as clinical laboratory scientists (CLS) or medical technologists (MT), play a critical yet often underappreciated role in healthcare.
While many people may not realize it, most medical decisions—from diagnosis to treatment— are based on laboratory test results generated by these professionals. They are the behind-the-scenes experts ensuring data accuracy that physicians and other healthcare professionals rely on to make informed decisions. I wish the public understood the complexity and precision required in this field and the extensive education and training that goes into becoming a CLS/MLS. We are not simply “lab techs”—we are vital healthcare team members responsible for the accuracy and integrity of patient results.
MedicalTechnologySchools.com: What advice would you give to aspiring CLS or MLS students?
Dr. Nasr: First, be prepared to work closely with human specimens such as blood, urine, stool, and spinal fluid, among many others. This is a central part of the job, and it’s important to feel comfortable handling these materials, as they are the key to providing accurate diagnostic information.
Second, build a strong foundation in the sciences, particularly in biology and chemistry, as these will serve as the backbone of your work in the lab. Third, embrace continuous learning. The field is constantly evolving with new technologies like Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS), so staying current on the latest advancements is essential for long-term success.
Finally, attention to detail and precision are critical. Even the smallest error can impact patient care, so always approach your work with diligence, knowing that accuracy in our field can make all the difference in a patient’s care and outcome.
List of Medical Laboratory Science Schools (Campus-Based)
School | City | State | Website | Grads (’23) |
---|---|---|---|---|
University of Cincinnati-Main Campus | Cincinnati | OH | www.uc.edu | 187 |
University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee | Milwaukee | WI | uwm.edu | 174 |
University of North Dakota | Grand Forks | ND | und.edu | 102 |
Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center | Lubbock | TX | www.ttuhsc.edu | 73 |
Ohio State University-Main Campus | Columbus | OH | www.osu.edu | 71 |
Michigan State University | East Lansing | MI | msu.edu | 70 |
Virginia Commonwealth University | Richmond | VA | www.vcu.edu | 50 |
CUNY Hunter College | New York | NY | hunter.cuny.edu | 45 |
California State University-Dominguez Hills | Carson | CA | www.csudh.edu | 44 |
Inter American University of Puerto Rico-San German | San German | PR | www.sg.inter.edu | 38 |
University of Massachusetts-Lowell | Lowell | MA | www.uml.edu | 36 |
Stony Brook University | Stony Brook | NY | www.stonybrook.edu | 35 |
Brigham Young University | Provo | UT | www.byu.edu | 34 |
University of Puerto Rico-Medical Sciences | San Juan | PR | rcm1.rcm.upr.edu | 34 |
Tarleton State University | Stephenville | TX | www.tarleton.edu | 34 |
CUNY York College | Jamaica | NY | www.york.cuny.edu | 34 |
Illinois State University | Normal | IL | illinoisstate.edu | 33 |
Inter American University of Puerto Rico-Metro | San Juan | PR | metro.inter.edu | 33 |
University of Utah | Salt Lake City | UT | www.utah.edu | 33 |
The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio | San Antonio | TX | uthscsa.edu | 32 |
Wright State University-Main Campus | Dayton | OH | www.wright.edu | 32 |
University of Washington-Seattle Campus | Seattle | WA | www.washington.edu | 30 |
The University of Texas at El Paso | El Paso | TX | www.utep.edu | 29 |
University of Minnesota-Twin Cities | Minneapolis | MN | twin-cities.umn.edu | 28 |
Rush University | Chicago | IL | www.rushu.rush.edu | 28 |
University of Central Florida | Orlando | FL | www.ucf.edu | 28 |
Georgia Southern University | Statesboro | GA | www.georgiasouthern.edu | 26 |
Santa Fe College | Gainesville | FL | www.sfcollege.edu | 26 |
Universidad Ana G. Mendez-Gurabo Campus | Gurabo | PR | uagm.edu/es | 25 |
Oakland University | Rochester Hills | MI | www.oakland.edu | 25 |
Upstate Medical University | Syracuse | NY | www.upstate.edu | 25 |
University of Kansas | Lawrence | KS | ku.edu | 24 |
Saint Cloud State University | Saint Cloud | MN | www.stcloudstate.edu | 24 |
University of Delaware | Newark | DE | www.udel.edu | 24 |
University of Nebraska Medical Center | Omaha | NE | www.unmc.edu | 24 |
University of Wisconsin-La Crosse | La Crosse | WI | www.uwlax.edu | 24 |
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill | Chapel Hill | NC | www.unc.edu | 23 |
University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point | Stevens Point | WI | www.uwsp.edu | 23 |
St. Joseph's University-New York | Brooklyn | NY | www.sjny.edu | 23 |
University of Alabama at Birmingham | Birmingham | AL | www.uab.edu | 22 |
Farmingdale State College | Farmingdale | NY | www.farmingdale.edu | 22 |
Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-New Orleans | New Orleans | LA | www.lsuhsc.edu | 22 |
Wayne State University | Detroit | MI | wayne.edu | 21 |
Loma Linda University | Loma Linda | CA | llu.edu | 21 |
Pontifical Catholic University of Puerto Rico-Ponce | Ponce | PR | www.pucpr.edu | 20 |
Hocking College | Nelsonville | OH | www.hocking.edu | 20 |
Northern Illinois University | Dekalb | IL | www.niu.edu | 20 |
University at Buffalo | Buffalo | NY | www.buffalo.edu | 19 |
The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley | Edinburg | TX | www.utrgv.edu | 19 |
Wichita State University | Wichita | KS | www.wichita.edu | 19 |
Purdue University-Main Campus | West Lafayette | IN | www.purdue.edu | 18 |
Texas State University | San Marcos | TX | www.txst.edu | 18 |
Arkansas State University | Jonesboro | AR | www.astate.edu | 18 |
Bowling Green State University-Main Campus | Bowling Green | OH | www.bgsu.edu | 18 |
Grand Valley State University | Allendale | MI | www.gvsu.edu | 18 |
Marist College | Poughkeepsie | NY | www.marist.edu | 18 |
University of Vermont | Burlington | VT | www.uvm.edu | 18 |
Radford University | Radford | VA | www.radford.edu | 17 |
Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences | Albany | NY | www.acphs.edu | 17 |
Howard University | Washington | DC | howard.edu | 16 |
The University of Tennessee Health Science Center | Memphis | TN | www.uthsc.edu | 16 |
University of Toledo | Toledo | OH | www.utoledo.edu | 16 |
SUNY Brockport | Brockport | NY | www.brockport.edu | 15 |
Michigan Technological University | Houghton | MI | www.mtu.edu | 15 |
University of Rochester | Rochester | NY | www.rochester.edu | 15 |
College of Staten Island CUNY | Staten Island | NY | www.csi.cuny.edu | 15 |
University of North Texas | Denton | TX | www.unt.edu | 15 |
University of Rhode Island | Kingston | RI | www.uri.edu | 14 |
The University of Texas at Austin | Austin | TX | www.utexas.edu | 14 |
University of Connecticut | Storrs | CT | uconn.edu | 14 |
Eastern Michigan University | Ypsilanti | MI | www.emich.edu | 14 |
Salisbury University | Salisbury | MD | www.salisbury.edu | 13 |
University of Bridgeport | Bridgeport | CT | www.bridgeport.edu | 13 |
Ferris State University | Big Rapids | MI | www.ferris.edu | 13 |
Long Island University | Brookville | NY | www.liu.edu | 13 |
Saint Louis University | Saint Louis | MO | www.slu.edu | 13 |
Saginaw Valley State University | University Center | MI | www.svsu.edu | 13 |
Indiana University-Indianapolis | Indianapolis | IN | indianapolis.iu.edu | 12 |
Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport | Shreveport | LA | www.lsuhs.edu | 12 |
Mercy College of Health Sciences | Des Moines | IA | www.mchs.edu | 12 |
Saint Joseph's University | Philadelphia | PA | www.sju.edu | 12 |
Utah Tech University | Saint George | UT | utahtech.edu | 12 |
Texas A & M University-Corpus Christi | Corpus Christi | TX | www.tamucc.edu | 11 |
University of Wisconsin-Oshkosh | Oshkosh | WI | www.uwosh.edu | 11 |
Youngstown State University | Youngstown | OH | ysu.edu | 11 |
Florida Gulf Coast University | Fort Myers | FL | www.fgcu.edu | 11 |
McNeese State University | Lake Charles | LA | www.mcneese.edu | 11 |
University of Maryland Baltimore | Baltimore | MD | www.umaryland.edu | 11 |
West Virginia University | Morgantown | WV | www.wvu.edu | 11 |
Indiana University-South Bend | South Bend | IN | southbend.iu.edu | 10 |
Mercy University | Dobbs Ferry | NY | www.mercy.edu | 10 |
The University of Texas at Arlington | Arlington | TX | www.uta.edu | 10 |
Auburn University | Auburn | AL | www.auburn.edu | 10 |
Franciscan Missionaries of Our Lady University | Baton Rouge | LA | franu.edu | 10 |
University of Alaska Anchorage | Anchorage | AK | www.uaa.alaska.edu | 10 |
Minnesota State University-Mankato | Mankato | MN | www.mnsu.edu | 9 |
SUNY at Fredonia | Fredonia | NY | www.fredonia.edu | 9 |
Louisiana Tech University | Ruston | LA | www.latech.edu | 9 |
Mississippi State University | Mississippi State | MS | www.msstate.edu | 9 |
George Mason University | Fairfax | VA | www.gmu.edu | 9 |
Marquette University | Milwaukee | WI | www.marquette.edu | 9 |
Southeast Missouri Hospital College of Nursing and Health Sciences | Cape Girardeau | MO | www.sehcollege.edu | 9 |
North Dakota State University-Main Campus | Fargo | ND | www.ndsu.edu | 8 |
SUNY College at Plattsburgh | Plattsburgh | NY | www.plattsburgh.edu | 8 |
Western Kentucky University | Bowling Green | KY | www.wku.edu | 8 |
Nazareth University | Rochester | NY | www2.naz.edu | 8 |
Miami University-Oxford | Oxford | OH | miamioh.edu | 8 |
Universidad Ana G. Mendez-Carolina Campus | Carolina | PR | uagm.edu/es | 8 |
College of Southern Nevada | Las Vegas | NV | www.csn.edu | 8 |
Texas Woman's University | Denton | TX | twu.edu | 8 |
University of Maine | Orono | ME | umaine.edu | 8 |
University of South Florida | Tampa | FL | www.usf.edu | 8 |
Bellarmine University | Louisville | KY | www.bellarmine.edu | 7 |
Eastern Illinois University | Charleston | IL | www.eiu.edu | 7 |
New York Medical College | Valhalla | NY | www.nymc.edu | 7 |
DLP Conemaugh Memorial Medical Center | Johnstown | PA | www.conemaugh.org/education | 7 |
Southern Adventist University | Collegedale | TN | www.southern.edu | 7 |
Stevenson University | Owings Mills | MD | www.stevenson.edu | 7 |
St. John's University-New York | Queens | NY | www.stjohns.edu | 7 |
Texas Southern University | Houston | TX | www.tsu.edu | 7 |
The University of Tennessee-Knoxville | Knoxville | TN | www.utk.edu | 7 |
West Liberty University | West Liberty | WV | westliberty.edu | 7 |
University of Michigan-Ann Arbor | Ann Arbor | MI | umich.edu | 6 |
Baptist Health College Little Rock | Little Rock | AR | www.bhclr.edu | 6 |
Kean University | Union | NJ | www.kean.edu | 6 |
Loyola University Chicago | Chicago | IL | www.luc.edu | 6 |
University of South Dakota | Vermillion | SD | www.usd.edu | 6 |
Baptist Health Sciences University | Memphis | TN | www.baptistu.edu | 6 |
Roosevelt University | Chicago | IL | www.roosevelt.edu | 6 |
University of Wisconsin-Madison | Madison | WI | www.wisc.edu | 6 |
Pennsylvania College of Health Sciences | Lancaster | PA | www.sju.edu/lancaster | 5 |
University of St Francis | Joliet | IL | stfrancis.edu | 5 |
University of Wyoming | Laramie | WY | www.uwyo.edu | 5 |
University of California-Davis | Davis | CA | www.ucdavis.edu | 5 |
University of Illinois Springfield | Springfield | IL | www.uis.edu | 5 |
Fairleigh Dickinson University-Metropolitan Campus | Teaneck | NJ | www.fdu.edu | 4 |
Holy Family University | Philadelphia | PA | www.holyfamily.edu | 4 |
Maryville University of Saint Louis | Saint Louis | MO | www.maryville.edu | 4 |
Monmouth University | West Long Branch | NJ | www.monmouth.edu | 4 |
Flathead Valley Community College | Kalispell | MT | www.fvcc.edu | 4 |
Kansas State University | Manhattan | KS | www.k-state.edu | 4 |
Kent State University at Kent | Kent | OH | www.kent.edu | 4 |
King's College | Wilkes-Barre | PA | www.kings.edu | 4 |
Lake Superior State University | Sault Ste Marie | MI | www.lssu.edu | 4 |
Missouri State University-Springfield | Springfield | MO | www.missouristate.edu | 4 |
Northern State University | Aberdeen | SD | northern.edu | 4 |
Salve Regina University | Newport | RI | salve.edu | 4 |
St Luke's College | Sioux City | IA | www.stlukescollege.edu | 4 |
East Stroudsburg University of Pennsylvania | East Stroudsburg | PA | www.esu.edu | 3 |
Indiana State University | Terre Haute | IN | indianastate.edu | 3 |
Morgan State University | Baltimore | MD | www.morgan.edu | 3 |
Southeast Missouri State University | Cape Girardeau | MO | semo.edu | 3 |
York College of Pennsylvania | York | PA | www.ycp.edu | 3 |
Bradley University | Peoria | IL | www.bradley.edu | 3 |
Del Mar College | Corpus Christi | TX | www.delmar.edu | 3 |
Florida Southern College | Lakeland | FL | www.flsouthern.edu | 3 |
University of Mount Union | Alliance | OH | www.mountunion.edu | 3 |
Roberts Wesleyan University | Rochester | NY | www.roberts.edu | 3 |
The University of Montana | Missoula | MT | www.umt.edu | 3 |
University of Indianapolis | Indianapolis | IN | uindy.edu | 2 |
University of Arizona | Tucson | AZ | www.arizona.edu | 2 |
Ball State University | Muncie | IN | www.bsu.edu | 2 |
Missouri Western State University | Saint Joseph | MO | www.missouriwestern.edu | 2 |
Pennsylvania Western University | California | PA | www.pennwest.edu | 2 |
University of Central Missouri | Warrensburg | MO | www.ucmo.edu | 2 |
University of Central Oklahoma | Edmond | OK | www.uco.edu | 2 |
Walsh University | North Canton | OH | www.walsh.edu | 2 |
Wilkes University | Wilkes-Barre | PA | www.wilkes.edu | 2 |
Brookline College-Phoenix | Phoenix | AZ | www.brooklinecollege.edu | 2 |
Centenary University | Hackettstown | NJ | www.centenaryuniversity.edu | 2 |
Indiana University of Pennsylvania-Main Campus | Indiana | PA | www.iup.edu | 2 |
Louisiana Christian University | Pineville | LA | lcuniversity.edu | 2 |
Missouri Southern State University | Joplin | MO | www.mssu.edu | 2 |
University of New Haven | West Haven | CT | www.newhaven.edu | 2 |
Oklahoma Christian University | Edmond | OK | www.oc.edu | 2 |
Ohio Northern University | Ada | OH | www.onu.edu | 2 |
The College of Saint Rose | Albany | NY | www.strose.edu | 2 |
University of Central Arkansas | Conway | AR | uca.edu | 2 |
Washburn University | Topeka | KS | www.washburn.edu | 2 |
Winona State University | Winona | MN | www.winona.edu | 2 |
University of Hawaii at Manoa | Honolulu | HI | manoa.hawaii.edu | 1 |
University of Iowa | Iowa City | IA | uiowa.edu | 1 |
Arkansas Tech University | Russellville | AR | www.atu.edu | 1 |
Canisius University | Buffalo | NY | www.canisius.edu | 1 |
Fairleigh Dickinson University-Florham Campus | Madison | NJ | www.fdu.edu | 1 |
Henderson State University | Arkadelphia | AR | www.hsu.edu | 1 |
Marywood University | Scranton | PA | www.marywood.edu | 1 |
Morningside University | Sioux City | IA | www.morningside.edu | 1 |
Northwest Missouri State University | Maryville | MO | www.nwmissouri.edu | 1 |
Pittsburg State University | Pittsburg | KS | www.pittstate.edu | 1 |
Rockhurst University | Kansas City | MO | www.rockhurst.edu | 1 |
Union Adventist University | Lincoln | NE | ucollege.edu | 1 |
Eureka College | Eureka | IL | www.eureka.edu | 1 |
Gannon University | Erie | PA | www.gannon.edu | 1 |
Harding University | Searcy | AR | www.harding.edu | 1 |
Lebanon Valley College | Annville | PA | www.lvc.edu | 1 |
Mount Marty University | Yankton | SD | www.mountmarty.edu | 1 |
Mount Mercy University | Cedar Rapids | IA | www.mtmercy.edu | 1 |
Northwest Mississippi Community College | Senatobia | MS | www.northwestms.edu | 1 |
Seton Hill University | Greensburg | PA | www.setonhill.edu | 1 |
St. Thomas Aquinas College | Sparkill | NY | stac.edu | 1 |
Saint Elizabeth University | Morristown | NJ | www.steu.edu | 1 |
University of Cincinnati-Blue Ash College | Blue Ash | OH | www.ucblueash.edu | 1 |
Valley City State University | Valley City | ND | www.vcsu.edu | 1 |
Western Illinois University | Macomb | IL | www.wiu.edu | 1 |
MLS Degree & Certification Programs
A bachelor’s degree is typically needed to start an MLS career and this means an investment in a four-year bachelor’s degree in clinical/medical laboratory science. That said, students in some programs may complete a degree part-time or even accelerate their learning speed for an earlier graduation date. Below are a few MLS programs for prospective medical lab scientists:
The bachelor’s of arts in applied medical laboratory science (BAS) degree is available at the Phoenix-based Arizona State University campus. The program features both on-campus options and a selection of courses in an online format. In addition, the program includes clinical rotations through which students gain practical experience, including lab work in hematology, immunology, and many other fields, and the use of current technology and automation similar to what would be found in a lab setting.
The 120-credit program includes courses such as laboratory leadership, clinical urinalysis and body fluids, hematology and hemostasis, immunohematology and immunology, clinical microbiology, and clinical chemistry.
- Location: Phoenix, AZ
- Accreditation: National Accrediting Agency for Clinical Laboratory Science (NAACLS); Higher Learning Commission (HLC)
- Expected Time to Completion: 48 months
Located in Columbus, Ohio State University offers a bachelor’s degree in MLS with the following four curriculum tracks:
Certification Track
The curriculum of this track prepares students for entry-level employment as medical laboratory scientists. In addition to four semesters of MLS courses, students in this track participate in a six-week internship program during the final semester to gain clinical experience and take a required comprehensive final exam to help prepare for the national certification exam. Graduates will be qualified to sit for the ASCP MLS certification exam.
Medical Science Track
This track is ideal for those interested in nursing, medical, dental, physician assistant, veterinary, optometry school, or any other professional or graduate school in the medical science track. The lack of laboratory courses in this track allows for more flexible scheduling to accommodate outside courses required of students wanting into medical or other graduate programs. Graduates of this track do not qualify to take the national certifying exam upon graduation.
MLT Articulation Track – In-person and Online
This track is designed for certified MLTs who wish to advance their education and career opportunities by earning a BS degree and becoming eligible for the MLS ASCP certification exam.
Coordinated Graduate Track
This track would fit students who currently have a bachelor’s degree in a field other than clinical laboratory science, medical technology, or medical laboratory science and would like to become eligible for MLS certification while pursuing graduate education. Students will complete one year of undergraduate education and two years of graduate studies. Graduates will be eligible for certification after the end of the second year and will earn an MS degree at the end of the third year.
The program, which comprises 120 credits, includes courses such as introduction to the medical laboratory environment, phlebotomy, medical laboratory microbiology, medical laboratory hematology, clinical practice in medical laboratory science, medical laboratory microscopy, medical laboratory immunology, professional issues in medical laboratory science, and molecular techniques in medical laboratory science.
- Location: Columbus, OH
- Accreditation: National Accreditation Agency for Clinical Laboratory Science (NAACLS); Higher Learning Commission (HLC)
- Expected Time to Completion: 36 months
CSUDH offers a bachelor of science in clinical science and a post-bachelor’s certification program in medical technology. This program includes instruction in the principles of biology, elements of human anatomy and physiology, molecular biology, health perspectives, microbiology, organic chemistry, human parasitology, and more.
The university’s Department of Clinical Science was founded in 2006 and aims to prepare aspiring clinical and medical science professionals for their careers.
- Location: Carson, CA
- Accreditation: National Accrediting Agency for Clinical Laboratory Science (NAACLS)
- Expected Time to Completion: Varies by program
Since 1949, the University of North Dakota in Grand Forks has offered an MLS degree. Students can choose to pursue a 2+2 route, comprised of pre-professional and professional education, a 4+1 route for those with a bachelor’s degree in another field, or a medical laboratory technician (MLT) to MLS route, which also offers online learning options. In fact, the MLT to MLS program can be completed online while working at a medical facility.
To graduate from the traditional MLS 2+2 program, which is for students just starting college, a total of 122 credits are needed. The final year of the professional curriculum consists of a three-semester course of study with a total of 39 credits, which includes online summer courses, a fall semester of in-person laboratory and lecture, and rotations at an assigned clinical affiliate during the spring semester.
The curriculum includes clinical chemistry, clinical hematology and hemostasis, clinical immunohematology, clinical microbiology, clinical urinalysis and body fluids, clinical immunology and molecular diagnostics, and clinical laboratory operations.
- Location: Grand Forks, ND
- Accreditation: National Accrediting Agency for Clinical Laboratory Science (NAACLS); Higher Learning Commission (HLC)
- Expected Time to Completion: 48 or 60 months
Based in Seattle, the University of Washington offers an MLS program through its Department of Laboratory Medicine that features pre-professional and professional portions. The professional part of instruction features subjects such as bacteriology, biochemistry, clinical hematology, mycology, virology, and others.
Students also complete their final year (three quarters) in the university lab and have the opportunity to learn about more complex laboratory procedures by completing an internship.
The curriculum includes courses such as an introduction to immunology, an introduction to biochemistry, an introduction to medical laboratory science, molecular diagnostics, medical bacteriology, introductory clinical chemistry, medical virology, medical mycology and parasitology, clinical coagulation, and laboratory analysis of urine and body fluids.
- Location: Seattle, WA
- Accreditation: National Accrediting Agency for Clinical Laboratory Science (NAACLS); Northwest Commission on Colleges and Universities (NWCCU)
- Expected Time to Completion: 48 months
The University of Vermont, located in Burlington, offers a bachelor’s degree in medical laboratory science. Two concentration areas are available in clinical and public health. In the spring semester of their senior year, students start intensive laboratory experiences and work one-on-one with a staff technologist. The school has affiliations with several labs in the Northeast part of the country, including Vermont, New York, and Connecticut
The curriculum includes courses such as medical terminology, human cell biology, human anatomy and physiology, microbiology and infectious disease, fundamentals of biochemistry, applied molecular biology, immunology, general chemistry, and introduction to organic chemistry. The program comprises 121 credits.
- Location: Burlington, VT
- Accreditation: National Accrediting Agency for Clinical Laboratory Science (NAACLS); New England Commission of Higher Education (NECHE)
- Expected Time to Completion: 48 months
Based in Ogden, Utah, Weber State University provides a bachelor of science degree in medical technology (MT) and an associate degree to pursue a career as a medical laboratory technician (MLT).
The bachelor’s degree offers two tracks. The first is for students who intend to use their MT degree to work in a medical lab. In contrast, the second is designed for those who plan to go on to graduate-level education to become veterinarians, physician assistants, or attend medical school. All programs have online as well as on-campus options available.
As part of the program, students will delve into topics such as biostatics, research, and laboratory practices; advanced clinical immunohematology; advanced clinical hematology and hemostasis; advanced clinical chemistry; advanced clinical microbiology and molecular diagnostics; and clinical lab immunology/virology.
- Location: Ogden, Utah
- Accreditation: National Accrediting Agency for Clinical Laboratory Sciences (NAACLS); Northwest Commission on Colleges and Universities (NWCCU)
- Expected Time to Completion: AAS (24 months); BS (48 months)
Hybrid and Online MLS Degree Programs
Students looking for online programming as part of their MLS education typically will find two options: a hybrid bachelor’s degree program with some campus visits required or a track for employed MLTs to complete a bachelor’s degree and further their careers.
Students take online courses for general education requirements or electives while traveling to campus for MLS courses in the first track. The second track can be appropriate for those who have earned an associate’s degree and are already employed as medical laboratory technicians who want to complete a four-year degree. The two years needed to finish this degree may necessitate that students complete clinical, internship, and practicum experiences. Still, many schools may allow these to be done in the area where the student resides.
Here are some schools that offer bachelor’s degree completion programs in medical laboratory science:
With campuses in Statesboro, Savannah, and Hinesville, Georgia Southern University offers an MLT-to-MLS degree that can be completed by taking 42 credits in the field, 12 of which must be done in clinical practicums. Another three credits are to be taken in laboratory management and education, which provides students insight into the financials, leadership, management, and personnel administration required at a lab.
To be accepted into the program, students must already be employed at an approved clinical site. They can finish the degree in as little as 16 months, and some graduates find work with the Centers for Disease Control, Georgia Bureau of Investigation, and the American Red Cross.
Courses include clinical urinalysis, body fluids, and hemostasis; clinical bacteriology; clinical hematology; clinical immunohematology; clinical methodology and molecular diagnosis; clinical immunology; clinical microbiology; and clinical decisions and analysis.
Notably, the university also has an online fast-track medical laboratory science program (post-baccalaureate) available to South Carolina residents who have completed a bachelor of science degree in biology, chemistry, or a related field and have a 2.5 overall GPA in the sciences.
- Location: Savannah, GA
- Accreditation: National Accrediting Agency for Clinical Laboratory Sciences (NAACLS); Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Colleges (SACSCOC)
- Expected Time to Completion: Four semesters
Medical laboratory technicians (MLTs) already working in the field who want to complete two more years of education for a bachelor’s degree in MLS can turn to the University of Cincinnati for an online MLS degree program. Each term in the program, students are assigned to a specific cohort of students led by an instructor and interact through chat sessions, message boards, and other formats.
This 100 percent online program can be completed in just over two years. It prepares students for the ASCP MLS certification exam. The program includes 60 credits and includes courses such as clinical molecular and immunological diagnostics, clinical fluid analysis, clinical microbiology, principles of immunohematology, statistics for medical laboratory practice, advanced clinical correlations, hematology, hemostasis, and clinical chemistry.
Admission requirements to the program include an associate degree in MLT or CLT from an accredited institution, a minimum grade point average of 2.5, and proof of ASCP, AAB, or AMT CLT/MLT certification.
- Location: Cincinnati, OH
- Accreditation: National Accrediting Agency for Clinical Laboratory Science (NAACLS); Higher Learning Commission (HLC)
- Expected Time to Completion: 24 months
Many of the University of New Mexico’s MLS courses are offered online through the UM School of Medicine, with required on-campus lab training. Students can complete their MLS bachelor’s degree in one and a half years of full-time study or three years of part-time study.
Admission dates are August and January of each year. Students complete their practical experiences at sites affiliated with the school in the state, such as Quest Diagnostics, TriCore Reference Laboratories, and the Raymond G. Murphy VA Medical Center.
The program, which comprises 63 credits, includes courses such as introduction to clinical chemistry, clinical microbiology, clinical hematology and hemostasis, clinical immunohematology, clinical parasitology, urinalysis rotation, and clinical serology.
- Location: Albuquerque, NM
- Accreditation: National Accrediting Agency for Clinical Laboratory Sciences (NAACLS); Higher Learning Commission (HLC)
- Expected Time to Completion: Full-time (18 months); part-time (36 months)
Students at the University of Tennessee Health Science Center can complete a bachelor’s degree in MLS by taking 36 credits in medical laboratory science. Based in Memphis, the school has several affiliate sites in Tennessee, including Baptist Memphis Hospital and the Veterans Affairs Medical Center, through which students can complete clinical and practical hours.
Students can expect to gain clinical hours at more than one hospital in the state. This program prepares graduates to be eligible for the MLS licensure exam offered by ASCP, a certification required by many employers. The curriculum includes courses such as clinical chemistry, medical laboratory practices, hematology, blood bank, clinical microbiology, and advanced laboratory practices.
- Location: Memphis, TN
- Accreditation: National Accrediting Agency for Clinical Laboratory Sciences (NAACLS); Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Colleges (SACSCOC)
- Expected Time to Completion: Three terms
It is essential to know that to even be accepted into an online MLT-to-MLS program, students often need to have graduated from a program accredited through the National Accrediting Agency for Clinical Laboratory Sciences (NAACLS).
Other requirements may also be necessary for acceptance, including a specific minimum GPA or even letters of recommendation. Finally, in addition to those listed above, there are more schools that offer certification-only programs. Please see the licensing and certification section below for more information about MLS certification.
Medical Laboratory Science Core & Elective Courses
More than 250 MLS programs are accredited through the NAACLS, meaning students should have plenty of opportunities in the U.S. to be accepted into a program that has undergone rigorous outside review by this agency. Often, pre-professional and professional components need to be completed in MLS degree programs. For example, the pre-professional phase may include biology, chemistry, statistics, and general education requirements ranging from English to the social sciences or arts.
Students need to complete their pre-professional courses, including obtaining a specific GPA, to move on to the professional part of the program. The final two years of an MLS degree program include courses in:
- Blood banking
- Clinical parasitology
- Hematology & hemostasis
- Introduction to clinical chemistry
- Introduction to clinical microbiology
- Advanced clinical microbiology
- Laboratory operations math
Students may also need to complete clinical rotations, typically done after all of a student’s MLS coursework has been finished. Lab hours are usually done on campus. If the program is offered online (as may be an option in some MLS completion programs), students may need to report to the campus lab or an approved lab elsewhere to complete this portion of their education.
Accreditation of Medical Laboratory Science Programs
The National Accrediting Agency for Clinical Laboratory Sciences (NAACLS) oversees the accreditation of MLS programs, as well as programs in related fields such as cytogenetic technology (CT), histotechnician (HT), diagnostic molecular scientist (DMS), and more. Students may choose to attend an NAACLS-accredited program as a form of assurance that they will receive a quality education from qualified instructors.
The NAACLS, a nonprofit, independently accredits schools using a process that begins with submitting a self-study. The NAACLS reviews the self-study and then sends it back to the school for response and follow-up. From there, a site visit by NAACLS is scheduled.
Accreditation, when granted, can be given on a probationary basis, a two-year basis, or even for five years, depending on the number of non-compliance issues found. Perhaps, more important is that the NAACLS offers a search page on its website, allowing students to look for accredited programs by program name, institution name, or state.
In addition to programmatic accreditation through NAACLS, students should be sure to verify a school’s institutional accreditation. Offered through US Department of Education-approved accrediting bodies such as the Higher Learning Commission (HLC) or the Middle States Commission on Higher Education (MSCHE), this accreditation applies to the school as a whole. The institutional accrediting process is similar to programmatic accreditation but must be broader to cover all programs.
List of Online Medical Laboratory Science Schools
School | City | State | Website | Grads (’23) |
---|---|---|---|---|
University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences | Little Rock | AR | www.uams.edu | 297 |
University of Cincinnati-Main Campus | Cincinnati | OH | www.uc.edu | 187 |
George Washington University | Washington | DC | www.gwu.edu | 117 |
University of North Dakota | Grand Forks | ND | und.edu | 102 |
Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center | Lubbock | TX | www.ttuhsc.edu | 73 |
Ohio State University-Main Campus | Columbus | OH | www.osu.edu | 71 |
Michigan State University | East Lansing | MI | msu.edu | 70 |
The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston | Galveston | TX | www.utmb.edu | 63 |
Winston-Salem State University | Winston-Salem | NC | www.wssu.edu | 54 |
Virginia Commonwealth University | Richmond | VA | www.vcu.edu | 50 |
Austin Peay State University | Clarksville | TN | www.apsu.edu | 49 |
University of Kentucky | Lexington | KY | www.uky.edu | 46 |
Idaho State University | Pocatello | ID | www.isu.edu | 46 |
National University | San Diego | CA | www.nu.edu | 35 |
University of West Florida | Pensacola | FL | uwf.edu | 34 |
Wright State University-Main Campus | Dayton | OH | www.wright.edu | 32 |
Abilene Christian University | Abilene | TX | acu.edu | 30 |
Augusta University | Augusta | GA | www.augusta.edu | 29 |
South Dakota State University | Brookings | SD | www.sdstate.edu | 27 |
University of Southern Mississippi | Hattiesburg | MS | www.usm.edu | 25 |
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill | Chapel Hill | NC | www.unc.edu | 23 |
Northern Michigan University | Marquette | MI | nmu.edu | 22 |
University of Louisiana at Monroe | Monroe | LA | www.ulm.edu | 22 |
Carolinas College of Health Sciences | Charlotte | NC | atriumhealth.org/education/carolinas-college-of-health-sciences | 21 |
Old Dominion University | Norfolk | VA | www.odu.edu | 20 |
University of Massachusetts-Dartmouth | North Dartmouth | MA | www.umassd.edu | 20 |
The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center | Houston | TX | www.mdanderson.org | 16 |
The University of Tennessee Health Science Center | Memphis | TN | www.uthsc.edu | 16 |
Eastern Kentucky University | Richmond | KY | www.eku.edu | 15 |
Northeastern State University | Tahlequah | OK | www.nsuok.edu | 15 |
University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Flex | Milwaukee | WI | flex.wisconsin.edu | 14 |
Marshall University | Huntington | WV | www.marshall.edu | 14 |
Andrews University | Berrien Springs | MI | www.andrews.edu | 13 |
Louisiana State University-Alexandria | Alexandria | LA | www.lsua.edu | 11 |
Allen College | Waterloo | IA | www.allencollege.edu | 10 |
East Texas Baptist University | Marshall | TX | www.etbu.edu | 8 |
Lincoln Memorial University | Harrogate | TN | www.lmunet.edu | 7 |
Bellarmine University | Louisville | KY | www.bellarmine.edu | 7 |
University of Mississippi | University | MS | olemiss.edu | 6 |
Saint Peter's University | Jersey City | NJ | www.saintpeters.edu | 1 |
Itawamba Community College | Fulton | MS | www.iccms.edu | 1 |
East Mississippi Community College | Scooba | MS | www.eastms.edu | 1 |
East Carolina University | Greenville | NC | www.ecu.edu | 1 |
Career Outlook
According to the BLS (2025), demand for clinical technologists and technicians—a field related to MLS—is expected to grow by 5 percent from 2023 to 2033. Numerous factors are expected to contribute to this growth, including an aging Baby Boomer population in need of more services, such as lab work, to help identify Type 2 Diabetes or cancer conditions.
Because of this anticipated job growth, some 18,200 new positions are expected to become available in that decade. It is important to note that this outlook data applies to all medical and clinical laboratory technologists and technicians, including medical laboratory scientists.
Career Facts | MLS |
---|---|
Related Careers | Chemist, Cytotechnologist, Histotechnologist, Materials Scientist, Microbiology Technologist, Veterinary Technologist |
Common Job Titles | Medical Technologist, Medical Laboratory Scientist, Clinical Laboratory Scientist, Clinical Laboratory Technologist |
Technology & Equipment | Microscopes, Advanced Analytical Equipment, Precision Testing Equipment, Computers |
In addition to a strong occupational outlook, clinical technologists and technicians had decent average salaries. According to the Bureau for Labor Statistics (BLS May 2024), the 344,200 clinical laboratory technologists and technicians across the nation earned a median annual salary of $61,890.
Licensing & Certification of Medical Laboratory Scientists
Upon graduation from a bachelor’ s-level program, students may want to seek certification of their skills through an organization, such as the American Society for Clinical Pathology (ASCP) Board of Certification (BOC).
To be eligible, a candidate must have a bachelor’s degree from an accredited MLS program or from a program that includes biology, chemistry, and math courses in the past five years. There are six pathways of eligibility for the MLS examination.
When the ASCP Board of Certification (BOC) approves a student’s eligibility documentation, the student can schedule their exam through a Pearson Professional Center. If students pass the exam, they will receive their certification within three to five weeks of notification of their exam scores, and the certification is good for three years.
Why seek certification through the ASCP BOC? It allows professionals to demonstrate their competence in carrying out various responsibilities in the profession. Certification can also result in better job opportunities, higher pay, and even garner respect from work associates. The ASCP BOC reports that its certifications (including in many fields and MLS) are sought by seven times as many lab professionals as lab certifications offered through different credentialing organizations.
In addition to certification, state licensure is required in some areas. According to the American Society for Clinical Laboratory Science (ASCLS), state licensure is required in 11 states: California, Hawaii, Florida, New York, North Dakota, Tennessee, Louisiana, Nevada, West Virginia, Montana, and Puerto Rico.
The licensing process differs in each state but typically requires proof of certification, education, and fingerprinting. Therefore, any aspiring MLS who plans to work in a state requiring licensure should be sure to research that specific state’s requirements before enrolling in an MLS program to ensure they can meet all standards upon graduation.